In this chapter, we defined the terms of program and programming. Besides that, we also discussed the generations of programming languages.
1. Program is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to accomplish the task of processing data into information.
2. Programming, also known as software development, is a six-step procedure for creating that list of instructions.
3. The six steps are as follow:
- Program specification: The program's objectives, outputs, inputs, and processing requirements are determined.
- Program design: A solution is created using programming techniques such as top-down program design, pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures.
- Program code: The program is written or coded using a programming language.
- Program test: The program is tested or debugged by looking for syntax and logic errors.
- Program documentation: Documentation is an ongoing process throughout the programming process. This phase focuses on formalizing the written description and processes used in the program.
- Program maintenance: Completed programs are periodically reviewed to evaluate their accuracy, efficiency, standardization, and ease to use. Changes are made to the program's code as needed.
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4. Programming languages are called lower level when they are closer to the language the computer itself uses.
5. Programming languages are called higher level when they are closer to the language humans use.
6.There are five generations of programming languages:
- Machine languages: The First Generation
- Assembly languages: The Second Generation
- Procedural languages: The Third Generation
- Task-oriented languages: The Fourth Generation
- Problem and constraint languages: The Fifth Generation
Citation: Computing Essentials 2011
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