TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

       

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png

The 'classic' view of Information systems found in the textbooks of the 1980s was of a pyramid of systems that reflected the hierarchy of the organization, usually Transaction processing systems at the bottom of the pyramid, followed by Management information systems, Decision support systems and ending with Executive information systems at the top. Although the pyramid model remains useful, since it was first formulated a number of new technologies have been developed and new categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no longer fit easily into the original pyramid model.

 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

• Is the bottom of the pyramid system of the hierarcy of the organization.
• Automate the handling of data about business activities or transactions, which can be thought of as simple, discrete events in the life of an organization.
• The analysis and design of TPS means focusing on the firm’s current procedures for processing transactions, whether those procedures are manual or automated.
• Focus on current procedures implies a careful tracking of data capture ,flow ,processing and output.
• The goal of TPS development is to improve transaction processing by speeding it up, using fewer people, improving efficiency and accuracy, integrating it with other organizational information systems .

                                         

                       http://www.subrahmanyam.com/articles/transactions/NutsAndBoltsOfTP.html

• The transaction is processed using either your POS or EFTPOS and is sent via electronic switches.

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CHAPTER 11 - INFORMATION SYSTEMS

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS  (MIS)

http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/management-information-system.htm

•  Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term given to the discipline focused on the integration of computer systems with the aims and objectives on an organisation.   
• The development and management of information technology tools assists executives and the general workforce in performing any tasks related to the processing of information. 
• MIS and business systems are especially useful in the collation of business data and the production of reports to be used as tools for decision making. 
• An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of data in the form of information needed to carry out the management functions. 
• The successful MIS must support a business's Five Year Plan or its equivalent. 
• MIS systems provide the tools necessary to gain a better understanding of the market as well as a better understanding of the enterprise itself.  
• There are several specific fields in which MIS has become invaluable. 

1. MIS systems can be used to transform data into information useful for decision making   

• Computers can provide financial statements and performance reports to assist in the planning, monitoring and implementation of strategy.  

      2.  MIS systems provide a valuable function

•  They can collate into coherent reports unmanageable volumes of data that would otherwise be broadly useless to decision makers.   
• Can identify patterns and trends that would have remained unseen if the raw data were consulted manually.  

     3.  MIS systems can also use these raw data to run simulations – hypothetical

     4. MIS systems can provide predictions about the effect on sales that an alteration in price would have on       
          a product  
      
    5.  MIS also provide a valuable time saving benefit to the workforce    

• Where in the past business information had to be manually processed for filing and analysis it can now be entered quickly and easily onto a computer by a data processor. 
• Allowing for faster decision making and quicker reflexes for the enterprise as a whole.  

ADVANTAGES OF MIS

1. MIS can deliver a great many benefits to enterprises in every industry.
2. The company is able to highlight their strength and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employee performance records.
3. The availability of the customer data and feedback can help the company to allign their business processes according to the needs of the customers.
4. Information is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world. 

MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES  

• While MIS systems are extremely useful in generating statistical reports and data analysis they can also be of use as a Management by Objectives (MBO) tool.  
• MBO is a management process by which managers and subordinates agree upon a series of objectives for the subordinate to attempt to achieve within a set time frame. 
• Objectives are set using the SMART ratio: that is, objectives should be Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic and Time-Specific.  
• The aim objectives is to provide a set of key performance indicators by enterprise can judge the performance of an employee or project.  
• In tracking this performance it can be extremely useful to make use of an MIS system.   

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http://erlichmis.blogspot.com/  

CITATION : 

•   http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/management-information-system.htm  
•   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_information_system  
•   http://www.answers.com/topic/management-information-system